Credit card issuers use a decision model to decide whether or not to issue a credit card to an applicant, and the credit limit to offer in case they decide to issue one. It is the same with loan companies. In all such cases, the decision model analyses the information provided by the applicant and to arrive at a decision. The yardsticks of such decision models are based on statistics of past experiences.
Expenses incurred by mutual funds are a critical factor because they eat into the returns which would otherwise be available to investors